One. The material thin silk that paper thin silk differentiates place of painting and calligraphy to use and paper are having certain effect to the division of history into periods of painting and calligraphy. According to our country learned man's current research, late Zhou Bo is drawn and the equestrian king of picture of silk of grave of Hunan of the Warring States and a bit late moment piles Chinese grave silk to draw, all the picture is woven in closer monofilament. The Five Dynasties arrives the thin silk of period of the Southern Song Dynasty, relatively before era had development and change. From the point of the surface, besides monofilament thin silk, still appeared Shuang Sijuan's form. Yuan acting thin silk appears a few thicker than thin silk of the Song Dynasty in general, not as close as thin silk of the Song Dynasty whiteness, and still present a poor condition. The thin silk of bright generation looks always also is coarser. The material of paper is the another standard that judges time of painting and calligraphy. Chinese, Jin Gu paper, what seeing is the makings that use hemp, more is the second birth content that waits for flotsam with shoe of flax, gunny-bag, hemp, fishnet, north of useful also —— giving birth to hemp uses marijuana with hempen, south. Its characteristic is fiber thicker, also make careful hard so, it does not have light, become a circle without wool, fasciculus, see Mu Su sometimes. The Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, painting and calligraphy of the Five Dynasties uses hemp paper mostly, what we see today the Tang Dynasty collect " Lan Ting foreword " , Du Mu book " Zhang Hao good poem " , and large quantities of Tang Dynasty classics of Dunhuang unkennel coil, all without exception is such. Between the Sui Dynasty, Tang Zhi, begin to see the paper that useful bark makes. Northen Song Dynasty at the beginning, appear in calligraphy ink marks many bark papermaking. After, bark paper originates in the whole nation. The papermaking that bamboo expects is used at painting and calligraphy only then at Northen Song Dynasty. Bamboo material is solid make a starch the hardest, forefathers cannot handle it, do not use so. After metaphase of Northen Song Dynasty, the raw material that makes paper of painting and calligraphy already all without exception is had, distinguish the around of the times not easily consequently from now on with paper quality.
2. Decorate differentiates decorate of each times painting and calligraphy to have respective distinguishing feature, can serve as the auxiliary basis that differentiates division of history into periods. The painting and calligraphy that palace of the Southern Song Dynasty collects has a regulation mount a picture format. The decorate that bright allograph draws has further progress, book picture scroll increased to bring head, and some is written went up word, announce having copy and outfit are narrow of the edge, useful also damask silk or thin silk dig compartment broadbrimmed; Vertical scroll of painting or calligraphy has wide margin, narrow the cent of the edge, some still added poetic hall. Clear Dai Gongting collects a painting mount a picture, have its special style aspect. Period of Kang Xi, Qianlong, mount a picture with makings and technology, form each respect has been compared, roll, damask silk of the top margin of a page is color of light greenish blue more, deputy lie between water to be tooth lubricious damask silk more, draw near picture heart is cream-colored damask silk more partly then (or thin silk) , some of vertical scroll of painting or calligraphy has poetic hall, some is done not have, but have area of two damask silk commonly. After Jia Qing, the quality that palace mounts a picture gradually low, hand scroll also appears some thicker than Kang Qian period.
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